When President Donald Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act into law on July 4, 2025, detractors — including liberal economists Paul Krugman and Robert Reich — argued that it would have a range of negative effects, from increasing the United States' federal deficit to defunding key safety-net programs such as Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Trump and his Republican allies, however, celebrated the bill as his signature achievement.

Another negative ef